Written by Dr. Lee Wai Wai, Founder of Lee Veterinary Clinic, Veterinary Surgeon
Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is one of the most common chronic conditions in senior cats. Many owners are surprised to learn that cats experience arthritis just like humans and dogs — but they are experts at hiding pain. Because of this, OA in cats is often underdiagnosed and undertreated.
As veterinarians, our goal is to help you understand the condition, recognise the signs early, and know how we can manage it to improve your cat’s comfort and quality of life.
What Is Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis occurs when the smooth cartilage that cushions the joints breaks down over time. This leads to:
- Pain and inflammation
- Reduced mobility
- Stiffness and discomfort
- Progressive loss of joint function
OA is a lifelong condition, but with proper care, most cats can live comfortably for many years.
Why Do Cats Get Osteoarthritis?
OA can develop due to:
- Ageing (most common cause)
- Past injuries or trauma
- Obesity, which puts extra pressure on joints
- Congenital issues such as hip dysplasia or patella luxation
- Repeated jumping or high-impact activity
Even indoor, calm cats can develop arthritis simply due to wear and tear over time.
Signs of Osteoarthritis in Cats
Cats rarely show obvious limping. Instead, look for changes in behaviour:
Mobility Changes
- Hesitating or refusing to jump
- Jumping up/down in smaller steps
- Difficulty climbing stairs
- Stiff or slow movement, especially after resting
Behaviour Changes
- Reduced activity or play
- Irritability or wanting less touch
- Hiding more than usual
- Becoming less social
Grooming Changes
- Matted or unkempt fur
- Overgrooming painful areas
Litter Box Changes
- Accidents outside the box
- Struggling to enter high-sided litter boxes
If your cat shows any of these signs, it may be time for a veterinary assessment.
How Veterinarians Diagnose OA
A diagnosis usually involves:
- Complete physical exam
- Orthopaedic assessment to check joint pain and mobility
- X-rays to assess joint changes
- Discussion of your cat’s behaviour at home, since cat OA can be subtle
Treatment Options for Cat Osteoarthritis
OA cannot be cured, but we can significantly reduce pain and slow down progression.
1. Pain Management
- Veterinary-prescribed anti-inflammatory medications
- Analgesics for additional pain relief
- Long-term, safe options tailored for cats
2. Joint Support Supplements
Common supplements include:
- Omega-3 fatty acids
- Glucosamine and chondroitin
- Green-lipped mussel (GLM)
- Hyaluronic acid
These help reduce inflammation and support joint health.
3. Weight Management
Obesity is one of the biggest contributors to OA.
A customized diet plan can greatly improve mobility and reduce pain.
4. Environmental Modifications
Small changes at home can make a big difference:
- Provide low-entry litter boxes
- Use ramps or steps to favourite resting places
- Place soft bedding in warm, accessible areas
- Keep food and water bowls at a comfortable height
5. Physiotherapy & Rehab
Some cats benefit from:
- Gentle home exercises
- Stretching routines
- Physiotherapy sessions (if available)
6. Newer Therapies
Depending on availability, options may include:
- Monoclonal antibody injections
- Laser therapy
- Acupuncture
Your vet will recommend the most suitable plan for your cat.
Can Osteoarthritis Be Prevented?
While ageing can’t be avoided, you can help slow down joint degeneration by:
- Maintaining ideal body weight
- Encouraging gentle daily activity
- Providing joint supplements early in senior years
- Scheduling regular senior health checks
When to See a Veterinarian
Contact your vet if your cat shows:
- Noticeable changes in mobility
- Behavioural changes
- Difficulty jumping or using litter boxes
- Any signs of pain
Early treatment means better comfort and better long-term outcomes.
Final Thoughts
Osteoarthritis is common, but it does not have to limit your cat’s happiness. With early detection, proper management, and a tailored treatment plan, we can keep your cat comfortable, mobile, and enjoying life well into their senior years.
If you suspect your cat may be showing signs of OA, our veterinary team is here to help.